Koppel, N. B. (2000). Lagrangian relaxation for constrained curve-fitting with binary variables: Applications in educational testing. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 61, 1063.

Ban, J. - C., Hanson, B. A., Yi, Q., & Harris, D. J.. (2002). Data sparseness and on-line pretest item calibration-scaling methods in CAT. Journal of Educational Measurement, 39, 207-218.

Veldkamp, B. P., van der Linden, W. J., & Ariel, A.. (2002). Mathematical-programming approaches to test item pool design (No. RR 02-09) (pp. 93-108). Twente, The Netherlands: University of Twente, Faculty of Educational Science and Technology.

Meijer, R. R. (2002). Outlier detection in high-stakes certification testing. Journal of Educational Measurement, 39, 219-233.

He, Q., & Tymms, P.. (2005). A computer-assisted test design and diagnosis system for use by classroom teachers. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 419-429.

Hambleton, R. K., & Xing, D.. (2006). Optimal and nonoptimal computer-based test designs for making pass-fail decisions. Applied Measurement in Education, 19, 221-239.