TY - JOUR T1 - Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: plans for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) JF - Medical Care Y1 - 2007 A1 - Reeve, B. B. A1 - Hays, R. D. A1 - Bjorner, J. B. A1 - Cook, K. F. A1 - Crane, P. K. A1 - Teresi, J. A. A1 - Thissen, D. A1 - Revicki, D. A. A1 - Weiss, D. J. A1 - Hambleton, R. K. A1 - Liu, H. A1 - Gershon, R. C. A1 - Reise, S. P. A1 - Lai, J. S. A1 - Cella, D. KW - *Health Status KW - *Information Systems KW - *Quality of Life KW - *Self Disclosure KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Calibration KW - Databases as Topic KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/*methods KW - Psychometrics KW - Questionnaires/standards KW - United States AB - BACKGROUND: The construction and evaluation of item banks to measure unidimensional constructs of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a fundamental objective of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) project. OBJECTIVES: Item banks will be used as the foundation for developing short-form instruments and enabling computerized adaptive testing. The PROMIS Steering Committee selected 5 HRQOL domains for initial focus: physical functioning, fatigue, pain, emotional distress, and social role participation. This report provides an overview of the methods used in the PROMIS item analyses and proposed calibration of item banks. ANALYSES: Analyses include evaluation of data quality (eg, logic and range checking, spread of response distribution within an item), descriptive statistics (eg, frequencies, means), item response theory model assumptions (unidimensionality, local independence, monotonicity), model fit, differential item functioning, and item calibration for banking. RECOMMENDATIONS: Summarized are key analytic issues; recommendations are provided for future evaluations of item banks in HRQOL assessment. VL - 45 SN - 0025-7079 (Print) N1 - Reeve, Bryce BHays, Ron DBjorner, Jakob BCook, Karon FCrane, Paul KTeresi, Jeanne AThissen, DavidRevicki, Dennis AWeiss, David JHambleton, Ronald KLiu, HonghuGershon, RichardReise, Steven PLai, Jin-sheiCella, DavidPROMIS Cooperative GroupAG015815/AG/United States NIAResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralUnited StatesMedical careMed Care. 2007 May;45(5 Suppl 1):S22-31. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Item banks and their potential applications to health status assessment in diverse populations JF - Medical Care Y1 - 2006 A1 - Hahn, E. A. A1 - Cella, D. A1 - Bode, R. K. A1 - Gershon, R. C. A1 - Lai, J. S. AB - In the context of an ethnically diverse, aging society, attention is increasingly turning to health-related quality of life measurement to evaluate healthcare and treatment options for chronic diseases. When evaluating and treating symptoms and concerns such as fatigue, pain, or physical function, reliable and accurate assessment is a priority. Modern psychometric methods have enabled us to move from long, static tests that provide inefficient and often inaccurate assessment of individual patients, to computerized adaptive tests (CATs) that can precisely measure individuals on health domains of interest. These modern methods, collectively referred to as item response theory (IRT), can produce calibrated "item banks" from larger pools of questions. From these banks, CATs can be conducted on individuals to produce their scores on selected domains. Item banks allow for comparison of patients across different question sets because the patient's score is expressed on a common scale. Other advantages of using item banks include flexibility in terms of the degree of precision desired; interval measurement properties under most circumstances; realistic capability for accurate individual assessment over time (using CAT); and measurement equivalence across different patient populations. This work summarizes the process used in the creation and evaluation of item banks and reviews their potential contributions and limitations regarding outcome assessment and patient care, particularly when they are applied across people of different cultural backgrounds. VL - 44 N1 - 0025-7079 (Print)Journal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data pooling and analysis to build a preliminary item bank: an example using bowel function in prostate cancer JF - Evaluation and the Health Professions Y1 - 2005 A1 - Eton, D. T. A1 - Lai, J. S. A1 - Cella, D. A1 - Reeve, B. B. A1 - Talcott, J. A. A1 - Clark, J. A. A1 - McPherson, C. P. A1 - Litwin, M. S. A1 - Moinpour, C. M. KW - *Quality of Life KW - *Questionnaires KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Data Collection/methods KW - Humans KW - Intestine, Large/*physiopathology KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prostatic Neoplasms/*physiopathology KW - Psychometrics KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Statistics, Nonparametric AB - Assessing bowel function (BF) in prostate cancer can help determine therapeutic trade-offs. We determined the components of BF commonly assessed in prostate cancer studies as an initial step in creating an item bank for clinical and research application. We analyzed six archived data sets representing 4,246 men with prostate cancer. Thirty-one items from validated instruments were available for analysis. Items were classified into domains (diarrhea, rectal urgency, pain, bleeding, bother/distress, and other) then subjected to conventional psychometric and item response theory (IRT) analyses. Items fit the IRT model if the ratio between observed and expected item variance was between 0.60 and 1.40. Four of 31 items had inadequate fit in at least one analysis. Poorly fitting items included bleeding (2), rectal urgency (1), and bother/distress (1). A fifth item assessing hemorrhoids was poorly correlated with other items. Our analyses supported four related components of BF: diarrhea, rectal urgency, pain, and bother/distress. VL - 28 N1 - 0163-2787 (Print)Journal Article ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing an initial physical function item bank from existing sources JF - Journal of Applied Measurement Y1 - 2003 A1 - Bode, R. K. A1 - Cella, D. A1 - Lai, J. S. A1 - Heinemann, A. W. KW - *Databases KW - *Sickness Impact Profile KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Data Collection KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms/*physiopathology/psychology/therapy KW - Psychometrics KW - Quality of Life/*psychology KW - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - United States AB - The objective of this article is to illustrate incremental item banking using health-related quality of life data collected from two samples of patients receiving cancer treatment. The kinds of decisions one faces in establishing an item bank for computerized adaptive testing are also illustrated. Pre-calibration procedures include: identifying common items across databases; creating a new database with data from each pool; reverse-scoring "negative" items; identifying rating scales used in items; identifying pivot points in each rating scale; pivot anchoring items at comparable rating scale categories; and identifying items in each instrument that measure the construct of interest. A series of calibrations were conducted in which a small proportion of new items were added to the common core and misfitting items were identified and deleted until an initial item bank has been developed. VL - 4 N1 - 1529-7713Journal Article ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in quality of life measurements in oncology patients JF - Seminars in Oncology Y1 - 2002 A1 - Cella, D. A1 - Chang, C-H. A1 - Lai, J. S. A1 - Webster, K. KW - *Quality of Life KW - *Sickness Impact Profile KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Culture KW - Humans KW - Language KW - Neoplasms/*physiopathology KW - Questionnaires AB - Accurate assessment of the quality of life (QOL) of patients can provide important clinical information to physicians, especially in the area of oncology. Changes in QOL are important indicators of the impact of a new cytotoxic therapy, can affect a patient's willingness to continue treatment, and may aid in defining response in the absence of quantifiable endpoints such as tumor regression. Because QOL is becoming an increasingly important aspect in the management of patients with malignant disease, it is vital that the instruments used to measure QOL are reliable and accurate. Assessment of QOL involves a multidimensional approach that includes physical, functional, social, and emotional well-being, and the most comprehensive instruments measure at least three of these domains. Instruments to measure QOL can be generic (eg, the Nottingham Health Profile), targeted toward specific illnesses (eg, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Lung), or be a combination of generic and targeted. Two of the most widely used examples of the combination, or hybrid, instruments are the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 Items and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy. A consequence of the increasing international collaboration in clinical trials has been the growing necessity for instruments that are valid across languages and cultures. To assure the continuing reliability and validity of QOL instruments in this regard, item response theory can be applied. Techniques such as item response theory may be used in the future to construct QOL item banks containing large sets of validated questions that represent various levels of QOL domains. As QOL becomes increasingly important in understanding and approaching the overall management of cancer patients, the tools available to clinicians and researchers to assess QOL will continue to evolve. While the instruments currently available provide reliable and valid measurement, further improvements in precision and application are anticipated. VL - 29 N1 - 0093-7754 (Print)Journal ArticleReview ER -