Statistical methods for computerized adaptive testing - Veerkamp, W. J. J. (1997)

Technical perspective - J. R. McBride (1997)

Una solución a la estimatión inicial en los tests adaptivos informatizados [A solution to initial estimation in CATs.] - Revuelta, J.; Ponsoda, V. (Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 1997)

Unidimensional approximations for a computerized adaptive test when the item pool and latent space are multidimensional (Research Report 97-5) - Spray, J. A.; Abdel-Fattah, A. A.; Huang, C.-Y.; Lau, CA (1997)

Validation of CATSIB To investigate DIF of CAT data - Nandakumar, R.; Roussos, L. A. (annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1997)
This paper investigates the performance of CATSIB (a modified version of the SIBTEST computer program) to assess differential item functioning (DIF) in the context of computerized adaptive testing (CAT). One of the distinguishing features of CATSIB is its theoretically built-in regression correction to control for the Type I error rates when the distributions of the reference and focal groups differ on the intended ability. This phenomenon is also called impact. The Type I error rate of CATSIB with the regression correction (WRC) was compared with that of CATSIB without the regression correction (WORC) to see if the regression correction was indeed effective. Also of interest was the power level of CATSIB after the regression correction. The subtest size was set at 25 items, and sample size, the impact level, and the amount of DIF were varied. Results show that the regression correction was very useful in controlling for the Type I error, CATSIB WORC had inflated observed Type I errors, especially when impact levels were high. The CATSIB WRC had observed Type I error rates very close to the nominal level of 0.05. The power rates of CATSIB WRC were impressive. As expected, the power increased as the sample size increased and as the amount of DIF increased. Even for small samples with high impact rates, power rates were 64% or higher for high DIF levels. For large samples, power rates were over 90% for high DIF levels. (Contains 12 tables and 7 references.) (Author/SLD)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Validation of the experimental CAT-ASVAB system - Segall, D. O.; Moreno, K. E.; Kieckhaefer, W. F.; Vicino, F. L.; J. R. McBride (1997)

Adaptive assessment and training using the neighbourhood of knowledge states - Dowling, C. E.; Hockemeyer, C.; Ludwig, A .H. (1996)

Adaptive assessment using granularity hierarchies and Bayesian nets - Collins, J. A.; Greer, J. E.; Huang, S. X. (1996)

Adaptive testing with granularity - Collins, J. A. (1996)

An alternative method for scoring adaptive tests - Stocking, M. L. (Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1996)
(Also Educational Testing Service RR 94-48.)

Bayesian item selection criteria for adaptive testing - van der Linden, W. J. (Psychometrika, 1996)

Bayesian item selection criteria for adaptive testing (Research Report 96-01) - van der Linden, W. J. (1996)

Building a statistical foundation for computerized adaptive testing - Chang, Hua-Hua; Ying, Z. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1996)

Can examinees use a review option to positively bias their scores on a computerized adaptive test? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National council on Measurement in Education, New York - Rocklin, T. R.; Vispoel, W. P.; Wang, T.; Bleiler, T. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

A comparison of adaptive self-referenced testing and classical approaches to the measurement of individual change - VanLoy, W. J. (1996)

Comparison of SPRT and sequential Bayes procedures for classifying examinees into two categories using a computerized test - Spray, J. A.; Reckase, M. D. (Journal of Educational & Behavioral Statistics, 1996)

A comparison of the traditional maximum information method and the global information method in CAT item selection - Tang, K. L. (annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing; item selection

Computerized adaptive skill assessment in a statewide testing program - Shermis, M. D.; Stemmer, P. M.; Webb, P. M. (Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 1996)

Computerized adaptive testing for classifying examinees into three categories (Measurement and Research Department Rep 96-3) - Theo Eggen; Straetmans, G. J. J. M. (1996)
#EG96-3 . [Reprinted in Chapter 5 in #EG04-01]

Computerized adaptive testing for reading assessment and diagnostic assessment - Shermis, M. D.; et. al. (Journal of Developmental Education, 1996)

Computerized adaptive testing for the national certification examination - Bergstrom, Betty A. (AANA.J, 1996)

Computerized adaptive testing for the national certification examination - Bergstrom, Betty A. (1996)

Computing scores for incomplete GRE General computer adaptive tests - Slater, S. C.; Schaffer, G.A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Conducting self-adapted testing using MicroCAT - Roos, L. L.; Wise, S. L.; Yoes, M. E.; Rocklin, T. R. (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1996)

Constructing adaptive tests to parallel conventional programs - Davey, T.; Thomas, L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

A content-balanced adaptive testing algorithm for computer-based training systems - Huang, S. X. (1996)

A critical analysis of the argument for and against item review in computerized adaptive testing - Wise, S. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Current research in computer-based testing for personnel selection and classification in the United States - J. R. McBride (Invited address to the Centre for Recruitment and Selection, Belgian Armed Forces", 1996)

Dispelling myths about the new NCLEX exam - Johnson, S. H. (Recruitment, Retention, and Restructuring Report, 1996)
The new computerized NCLEX system is working well. Most new candidates, employers, and board of nursing representatives like the computerized adaptive testing system and the fast report of results. But, among the candidates themselves some myths have grown which cause them needless anxiety.
Journal Article
Keywords: *Educational Measurement; *Licensure; Humans; Nursing Staff; Personnel Selection; United States

Dynamic scaling: An ipsative procedure using techniques from computer adaptive testing - Berg, S. R. (Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 1996)
The purpose of this study was to create a prototype method for scaling items using computer adaptive testing techniques and to demonstrate the method with a working model program. The method can be used to scale items, rank individuals with respect to the scaled items, and to re-scale the items with respect to the individuals' responses. When using this prototype method, the items to be scaled are part of a database that contains not only the items, but measures of how individuals respond to each item. After completion of all presented items, the individual is assigned an overall scale value which is then compared with each item responded to, and an individual "error" term is stored with each item. After several individuals have responded to the items, the item error terms are used to revise the placement of the scaled items. This revision feature allows the natural adaptation of one general list to reflect subgroup differences, for example, differences among geographic areas or ethnic groups. It also provides easy revision and limited authoring of the scale items by the computer program administrator. This study addressed the methodology, the instrumentation needed to handle the scale-item administration, data recording, item error analysis, and scale-item database editing required by the method, and the behavior of a prototype vocabulary test in use. Analyses were made of item ordering, response profiles, item stability, reliability and validity. Although slow, the movement of unordered words used as items in the prototype program was accurate as determined by comparison with an expert word ranking. Person scores obtained by multiple administrations of the prototype test were reliable and correlated at.94 with a commercial paper-and-pencil vocabulary test, while holding a three-to-one speed advantage in administration. Although based upon self-report data, dynamic scaling instruments like the model vocabulary test could be very useful for self-assessment, for pre (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Effect of altering passing score in CAT when unidimensionality is violated - Abdel-Fattah, A. A.; Lau, CA; Spray, J. A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

The effect of individual differences variables on the assessment of ability for Computerized Adaptive Testing - Gershon, R. C. (Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 1996)
Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) continues to gain momentum as the accepted testing modality for a growing number of certification, licensure, education, government and human resource applications. However, the developers of these tests have for the most part failed to adequately explore the impact of individual differences such as test anxiety on the adaptive testing process. It is widely accepted that non-cognitive individual differences variables interact with the assessment of ability when using written examinations. Logic would dictate that individual differences variables would equally affect CAT. Two studies were used to explore this premise. In the first study, 507 examinees were given a test anxiety survey prior to taking a high stakes certification exam using CAT or using a written format. All examinees had already completed their course of study, and the examination would be their last hurdle prior to being awarded certification. High test anxious examinees performed worse than their low anxious counterparts on both testing formats. The second study replicated the finding that anxiety depresses performance in CAT. It also addressed the differential effect of anxiety on within test performance. Examinees were candidates taking their final certification examination following a four year college program. Ability measures were calculated for each successive part of the test for 923 subjects. Within subject performance varied depending upon test position. High anxious examinees performed poorly at all points in the test, while low and medium anxious examinee performance peaked in the middle of the test. If test anxiety and performance measures were actually the same trait, then low anxious individuals should have performed equally well throughout the test. The observed interaction of test anxiety and time on task serves as strong evidence that test anxiety has motivationally mediated as well as cognitively mediated effects. The results of the studies are di (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Effects of answer feedback and test anxiety on the psychometric and motivational characteristics of computer-adaptive and self-adaptive vocabulary tests - Vispoel, W. P.; Brunsman, B.; Forte, E.; Bleiler, T. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education., 1996)
#VI96-01

Effects of answer review and test anxiety on the psychometric and motivational characteristics of computer-adaptive and self-adaptive vocabulary tests - Vispoel, W.; Forte, E.; Boo, J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

The effects of methods of theta estimation, prior distribution, and number of quadrature points on CAT using the graded response model - Hou, L.; Chen, S.; Dodd. B. G.; Fitzpatrick, S. J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

The effects of person misfit in computerized adaptive testing - Nering, M. L. (1996)

Effects of randomesque item selection on CAT item exposure rates and proficiency estimation under 1- and 2-PL models - Featherman, C. M.; Subhiyah, R. G.; Hadadi, A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

An evaluation of a two-stage testlet design for computerized adaptive testing - Reese, L. M.; Schnipke, D. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1996)

A Global Information Approach to Computerized Adaptive Testing - Chang, H.-H.; Ying, Z. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996)

A global information approach to computerized adaptive testing - Chang, Hua-Hua; Ying, Z. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996)
based on Fisher information (or item information). At each stage, an item is selected to maximize the Fisher information at the currently estimated trait level (&thetas;). However, this application of Fisher information could be much less efficient than assumed if the estimators are not close to the true &thetas;, especially at early stages of an adaptive test when the test length (number of items) is too short to provide an accurate estimate for true &thetas;. It is argued here that selection procedures based on global information should be used, at least at early stages of a test when &thetas; estimates are not likely to be close to the true &thetas;. For this purpose, an item selection procedure based on average global information is proposed. Results from pilot simulation studies comparing the usual maximum item information item selection with the proposed global information approach are reported, indicating that the new method leads to improvement in terms of bias and mean squared error reduction under many circumstances. Index terms: computerized adaptive testing, Fisher information, global information, information surface, item information, item response theory, Kullback-Leibler information, local information, test information.

Heuristic-based CAT: Balancing item information, content and exposure - Luecht, RM; Hadadi, A.; Nungester, R. J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Heuristic-based CAT: Balancing item information, content, and exposure - Luecht, RM; Hadadi, A.; Nungester, R. J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Heuristics based CAT: Balancing item information, content, and exposure - Luecht, RM; Nungester, R. J.; Hadadi, A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Item review and adaptive testing - Kingsbury, G. G. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Methodologic trends in the healthcare professions: computer adaptive and computer simulation testing - Forker, J. E.; McDonald, M. E. (Nurse Education, 1996)
Assessing knowledge and performance on computer is rapidly becoming a common phenomenon in testing and measurement. Computer adaptive testing presents an individualized test format in accordance with the examinee's ability level. The efficiency of the testing process enables a more precise estimate of performance, often with fewer items than traditional paper-and-pencil testing methodologies. Computer simulation testing involves performance-based, or authentic, assessment of the examinee's clinical decision-making abilities. The authors discuss the trends in assessing performance through computerized means and the application of these methodologies to community-based nursing practice.
Forker, J EMcDonald, M EUnited statesNurse educatorNurse Educ. 1996 Jul-Aug;21(4):13-4.
Keywords: *Clinical Competence; *Computer Simulation; Computer-Assisted Instruction/*methods; Educational Measurement/*methods; Humans

Metodos sencillos para el control de las tasas de exposicion en tests adaptativos informatizados [Simple methods for item exposure control in CATs] - Revuelta, J.; Ponsoda, V. (Psicologica, 1996)

Missing responses and IRT ability estimation: Omits, choice, time limits, and adaptive testing (Research Report RR-96-30-ONR) - Mislevy, R. J.; Wu, P.-K. (1996)

A model for score maximization within a computerized adaptive testing environment - Chang, Hua-Hua (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the NMCE, 1996)

Modifying the NCLEXTM CAT item selection algorithm to improve item exposure - Way, W. D.; A Zara; Leahy, J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

Multidimensional adaptive testing - Segall, D. O. (Psychometrika, 1996)

Multidimensional adaptive testing - Segall, D. O. (Psychometrika, 1996)
Maximum likelihood and Bayesian procedures for item selection and scoring of multidimensional adaptive tests are presented. A demonstration using simulated response data illustrates that multidimensional adaptive testing (MAT) can provide equal or higher reliabilities with about one-third fewer items than are required by one-dimensional adaptive testing (OAT). Furthermore, holding test-length constant across the MAT and OAT approaches, substantial improvements in reliability can be obtained from multidimensional assessment. A number of issues relating to the operational use of multidimensional adaptive testing are discussed.
Peer Reviewed Journalhttp://www.psychometrika.org/

Multidimensional computer adaptive testing - Fan, M.; Hsu, Y. (Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)
#FA96-02

Multidimensional computerized adaptive testing in a certification or licensure context - Luecht, RM (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996)
(from the journal abstract) Multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) computerized adaptive testing, building on a recent work by D. O. Segall (1996), is applied in a licensing/certification context. An example of a medical licensure test is used to demonstrate situations in which complex, integrated content must be balanced at the total test level for validity reasons, but items assigned to reportable subscore categories may be used under a MIRT adaptive paradigm to improve the reliability of the subscores. A heuristic optimization framework is outlined that generalizes to both univariate and multivariate statistical objective functions, with additional systems of constraints included to manage the content balancing or other test specifications on adaptively constructed test forms. Simulation results suggested that a multivariate treatment of the problem, although complicating somewhat the objective function used and the estimation of traits, nonetheless produces advantages from a psychometric perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved).
Sage Publications, US
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing in a Certification or Licensure Context - Luecht, RM (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996)

New algorithms for item selection and exposure and proficiency estimation under 1- and 2-PL models - Featherman, C. M.; Subhiyah, R. G.; Hadadi, A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

Optimal design of item pools for computerized adaptive testing (Research Report 96-34) - Stocking, M. L.; Swanson, L. (1996)

Person-fit indices and their role in the CAT environment - David, L. A.; Lewis, C. (Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Person-fit indices and their role in the CAT environment - McLeod, L. D.; Lewis, C. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Practical issues in large-scale computerized adaptive testing - Mills, C. N.,; Stocking, M. L. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1996)

Preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative ASVAB testing concepts at MET sites - Hogan, P.F.; Dall, T.; J. R. McBride (1996)

Propiedades psicometricas du un test adaptivo informatizado do vocabulario ingles [Psychometric properties of a computerized adaptive tests for the measurement of English vocabulary] - Olea., J.; Ponsoda, V.; Revuelta, J.; Belchi, J. (Estudios de Psicologica, 1996)
[In Spanish]

Recursive maximum likelihood estimation, sequential design, and computerized adaptive testing - Chang, Hua-Hua; Ying, Z. (1996)

Revising item responses in computerized adaptive testing: A comparison of three models (RR-96-12) - Stocking, M. L. (1996)
#ST96-12 [See APM paper 1997).

Robustness of a unidimensional computerized testing mastery procedure with multidimensional testing data - Lau, CA (1996)
{PDF file, 1.838 MB}

A search procedure to determine sets of decision points when using testlet-based Bayesian sequential testing procedures - Smith, R.; Lewis, C. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Some practical examples of computerized adaptive sequential testing (Internal Report) - Luecht, RM; Nungester, R. J. (1996)

Strategies for managing item pools to maximize item security - Way, W. D.; A Zara; Leahy, J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)

Test adaptativos informatizados [Computerized adaptive testing] - Olea, J.; Ponsoda, V. (Psicometría, 1996)

A Type I error rate study of a modified SIBTEST DIF procedure with potential application to computerized adaptive tests - Roussos, L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1996)

Users manual for the MicroCAT testing system, Version 3.5 - Assessment-Systems-Corporation. (1996)
.

Using unidimensional IRT models for dichotomous classification via CAT with multidimensional data - Lau, CA; Abdel-Fattah, A. A.; Spray, J. A. (Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1996)

Utility of Fisher information, global information and different starting abilities in mini CAT - Fan, M.; Hsu, Y. (Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1996)
#FA96-01

Validity of item selection: A comparison of automated computerized adaptive and manual paper and pencil examinations - Lunz, M. E.; Deville, C. W. (Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 1996)

Assessment of scaled score consistency in adaptive testing from a multidimensional item response theory perspective - Fan, Miechu (Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 1995)
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to examine whether the unidimensional adaptive testing estimates are comparable for different ability levels of examinees when the true examinee-item interaction is correctly modeled using a compensatory multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model; and (b) to investigate the effects of adaptive testing estimation when the procedure of item selection of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is controlled by either content-balancing or selecting the most informative item in a user specified direction at the current estimate of unidimensional ability. A series of Monte Carlo simulations were conducted in this study. Deviation from the reference composite angle was used as an index of the theta1,theta2-composite consistency across the different levels of unidimensional CAT estimates. In addition, the effect of the content-balancing item selection procedure and the fixed-direction item selection procedure were compared across the different ability levels. The characteristics of item selection, test information and the relationship between unidimensional and multidimensional models were also investigated. In addition to employing statistical analysis to examine the robustness of the CAT procedure violations of unidimensionality, this research also included graphical analyses to present the results. The results were summarized as follows: (a) the reference angles for the no-control-item-selection method were disparate across the unidimensional ability groups; (b) the unidimensional CAT estimates from the content-balancing item selection method did not offer much improvement; (c) the fixed-direction-item selection method did provide greater consistency for the unidimensional CAT estimates across the different levels of ability; (d) and, increasing the CAT test length did not provide greater score scale consistency. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: (a) without any controlling (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

A Bayesian computerized mastery model with multiple cut scores - Smith, R. L.; Lewis, C. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

Bayesian item selection in adaptive testing - van der Linden, W. J. (Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)

Comparability and validity of computerized adaptive testing with the MMPI-2 - Roper, B. L.; Ben-Porath, Y. S.; Butcher, J. N. (Journal of Personality Assessment, 1995)
The comparability and validity of a computerized adaptive (CA) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were assessed in a sample of 571 undergraduate college students. The CA MMPI-2 administered adaptively Scales L, E the 10 clinical scales, and the 15 content scales, utilizing the countdown method (Butcher, Keller, & Bacon, 1985). All subjects completed the MMPI-2 twice, with three experimental conditions: booklet test-retest, booklet-CA, and conventional computerized (CC)-CA. Profiles across administration modalities show a high degree of similarity, providing evidence for the comparability of the three forms. Correlations between MMPI-2 scales and other psychometric measures (Beck Depression Inventory; Symptom Checklist-Revised; State-Trait Anxiety and Anger Scales; and the Anger Expression Scale) support the validity of the CA MMPI-2. Substantial item savings may be realized with the implementation of the countdown procedure.
Roper, B LBen-Porath, Y SButcher, J NUnited StatesJournal of personality assessmentJ Pers Assess. 1995 Oct;65(2):358-71.

Comparability studies for the GRE CAT General Test and the NCLEX using CAT - Eignor, D. R.; Schaffer, G.A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

A comparison of classification agreement between adaptive and full-length test under the 1-PL and 2-PL models - Lewis, M. J.; Subhiyah, R. G.; Morrison, C. A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)
(cited in #RE98311)

A comparison of gender differences on paper-and-pencil and computer-adaptive versions of the Graduate Record Examination - Bridgeman, B.; Schaeffer, G. A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)

A comparison of item selection routines in linear and adaptive tests - Schnipke, D. L.,; Green, B. F. (Journal of Educational Measurement, 1995)

A comparison of two IRT-based models for computerized mastery testing when item parameter estimates are uncertain - Way, W. D.; Lewis, C.; Smith, R. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)

Computer adaptive testing in a medical licensure setting: A comparison of outcomes under the one- and two- parameter logistic models - Morrison, C. A.; Nungester, R. J. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)

Computer-adaptive testing: A new breed of assessment - Ruiz, B.; Fitz, P. A.; Lewis, C.; Reidy, C. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1995)

Computer-adaptive testing: A new breed of assessment - Ruiz, B.; Fitz, P. A.; Lewis, C.; Reidy, C. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1995)

Computer-adaptive testing: CAT: A Bayesian maximum-falsification approach - Linacre, J. M. (Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1995)

Computerized adaptive attitude testing using the partial credit model - Baek, S. G. (1995)

Computerized adaptive testing: Tracking candidate response patterns - Lunz, M. E.; Bergstrom, Betty A. (Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1995)
Tracked the effect of candidate response patterns on a computerized adaptive test. Data were from a certification examination in laboratory science administered in 1992 to 155 candidates, using a computerized adaptive algorithm. The 90-item certification examination was divided into 9 units of 10 items each to track the pattern of initial responses and response alterations on ability estimates and test precision across the 9 test units. The precision of the test was affected most by response alterations during early segments of the test. While candidates generally benefited from altering responses, individual candidates showed different patterns of response alterations across test segments. Test precision was minimally affected, suggesting that the tailoring of computerized adaptive testing is minimally affected by response alterations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2002 APA, all rights reserved).
Baywood Publishing, US

Computerized adaptive testing with polytomous items - Dodd, B. G.; De Ayala, R. J.,; Koch, W. R. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1995)
Discusses polytomous item response theory models and the research that has been conducted to investigate a variety of possible operational procedures (item bank, item selection, trait estimation, stopping rule) for polytomous model-based computerized adaptive testing (PCAT). Studies are reviewed that compared PCAT systems based on competing item response theory models that are appropriate for the same measurement objective, as well as applications of PCAT in marketing and educational psychology. Directions for future research using PCAT are suggested.

Computerized Adaptive Testing With Polytomous Items - Dodd, B. G.; De Ayala, R. J.; Koch. W.R., (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1995)

Computerized testing for licensure - Vale, C. D. (1995)

Controlling item exposure conditional on ability in computerized adaptive testing (Research Report 95-25) - Stocking, M. L.; Lewis, C. (1995)
#ST95-25; also see #ST98057

Does cheating on CAT pay: Not - Gershon, R. C.; Bergstrom, B. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)
ERIC ED 392 844

The effect of ability estimation for polytomous CAT in different item selection procedures - Fan, M.; Hsu, Y. (Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)

The effect of model misspecification on classification decisions made using a computerized test: UIRT versus MIRT - Abdel-Fattah, A. A.; Lau, C.-M. A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)
#AB95-01

The effect of model misspecification on classification decisions made using a computerized test: 3-PLM vs. 1PLM (and UIRT versus MIRT) - Spray, J. A.; Kalohn, J.C.; Schulz, M.; Fleer, P. Jr. (Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)
#SP95-01

The effect of population distribution and methods of theta estimation on CAT using the rating scale model - Chen, S.; Hou, L.; Fitzpatrick, S. J.; Dodd, B. G. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)

Effect of Rasch calibration on ability and DIF estimation in computer-adaptive tests - Zwick, R.; Thayer, D. T.; Wingersky, M. (Journal of Educational Measurement, 1995)

Effects and underlying mechanisms of self-adapted testing - Rocklin, T. R.; O’Donnell, A. M.; Holst, P. M. (Journal of Educational Psychology, 1995)

The effects of item compromise on computerized adaptive test scores - Segall, D. O. (Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1995)

El control de la exposicin de los items en tests adaptativos informatizados [Item exposure control in computerized adaptive tests] - Revuelta, J. (1995)

Equating computerized adaptive certification examinations: The Board of Registry series of studies - Lunz, M. E.; Bergstrom, Betty A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

Equating the CAT-ASVAB: Experiences and lessons learned - Segall, D. O. (Paper presented at the meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

Equating the CAT-ASVAB: Issues and approach - Segall, D. O.; Carter, G. (Paper presented at the meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

Equating the computerized adaptive edition of the Differential Aptitude Tests - J. R. McBride (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. San Francisco, 1995)

Estimation of item difficulty from restricted CAT calibration samples - Sykes, R.; Ito, K. (Paper presented at the annual conference of the National Council on Measurement in Education in San Francisco., 1995)

An evaluation of alternative concepts for administering the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery to applicants for enlistment - Hogan, P.F.; J. R. McBride; Curran, L. T. (1995)

From adaptive testing to automated scoring of architectural simulations - Bejar, I. I. (1995)

A global information approach to computerized adaptive testing - Chang, Hua-Hua (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

Guidelines for computer-adaptive test development and use in education - American-Council-on-Education. (1995)

Improving individual differences measurement with item response theory and computerized adaptive testing - Weiss, D. J. (1995)

Individualized testing in the classroom - Linacre, J. M. (1995)

The influence of examinee test-taking behavior motivation in computerized adaptive testing - Kim, J.; McLean, J. E. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)
(ERIC No. ED392839)

The introduction and comparability of the computer-adaptive GRE General Test (GRE Board Professional Report 88-08ap; Educational Testing Service Research Report 95-20) - Schaeffer, G. A.; Steffen, M. Golub-Smith, M. L.; Mills, C. N.; Durso, R. (1995)

An investigation of item calibration procedures for a computerized licensure examination - Haynie, K.A.; Way, W. D. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995)

An investigation of procedures for computerized adaptive testing using the successive intervals Rasch model - Koch, W. R.; Dodd, B. G. (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1995)

Item equivalence from paper-and-pencil to computer adaptive testing - Chae, S. (1995)
#CH95-01

Item exposure rates for unconstrained and content-balanced computerized adaptive tests - Morrison, C.; Subhiyah, R,,; Nungester, R. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)

Item review and answer changing in computerized adaptive tests - Wise, S. L. (Paper presented at the Third European Conference on Psychological Assessment, 1995)

Item times in computerized testing: A new differential information - Hornke, L. F. (European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1995)

New algorithms for item selection and exposure control with computerized adaptive testing - Davey, T.; Parshall, C. G. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1995)

New item exposure control algorithms for computerized adaptive testing - Thomasson, G. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)

A new method of controlling item exposure in computerized adaptive testing (Research Report 95-25) - Stocking, M. L.; Lewis, C. (1995)

Practical issues in large-scale high-stakes computerized adaptive testing (Research Report 95-23) - Mills, C. N.; Stocking, M. L. (1995)
#MI95-23

Precision and differential item functioning on a testlet-based test: The 1991 Law School Admissions Test as an example - Wainer, H., (Applied Measurement in Education, 1995)

Precision of ability estimation methods in computerized adaptive testing - Wang, T.; Vispoel, W. P. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)
See APM article below.)

The precision of ability estimation methods in computerized adaptive testing - Wang, T. (1995)
.

Prerequisite relationships for the adaptive assessment of knowledge - Dowling, C. E.; Kaluscha, R. (1995)

Recursive maximum likelihood estimation, sequential designs, and computerized adaptive testing - Ying, Z.; Chang, Hua-Hua (Paper presented at the Eleventh Workshop on Item Response Theory, 1995)

Review of the book Computerized Adaptive Testing: A Primer - Andrich, D. (Psychometrika, 1995)

Shortfall of questions curbs use of computerized graduate exam - Jacobson, R. L. (The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1995)

Some alternative CAT item selection heuristics (Internal report) - Luecht, RM (1995)

Some new methods for content balancing adaptive tests - Segall, D. O.; Davey, T. C. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, 1995)

A study of psychologically optimal level of item difficulty - Fujimori, S. (Shinrigaku Kenkyu, 1995)
For the purpose of selecting items in a test, this study presented a viewpoint of psychologically optimal difficulty level, as well as measurement efficiency, of items. A paper-and-pencil test (P & P) composed of hard, moderate and easy subtests was administered to 298 students at a university. A computerized adaptive test (CAT) was also administered to 79 students. The items of both tests were selected from Shiba's Word Meaning Comprehension Test, for which the estimates of parameters of two-parameter item response model were available. The results of P & P research showed that the psychologically optimal success level would be such that the proportion of right answers is somewhere between .75 and .85. A similar result was obtained from CAT research, where the proportion of about .8 might be desirable. Traditionally a success rate of .5 has been recommended in adaptive testing. In this study, however, it was suggested that the items of such level would be too hard psychologically for many examinees.
Fujimori, SClinical TrialControlled Clinical TrialEnglish AbstractJapanShinrigaku kenkyu : The Japanese journal of psychologyShinrigaku Kenkyu. 1995 Feb;65(6):446-53.
Keywords: *Adaptation, Psychological; *Psychological Tests; Adult; Female; Humans; Male

Tests adaptivos y autoadaptados informatizados: Effects en la ansiedad y en la pecision de las estimaciones [SATs and CATS: Effects on enxiety and estimate precision] - Olea, J.; Ponsoda, V.; Wise, S. L. (Paper presented at the Fourth Symposium de Metodologia de las Ciencies del Comportamiento, 1995)

Theoretical results and item selection from multidimensional item bank in the Mokken IRT model for polytomous items - Hemker, B. T.; Sijtsma, K.; Molenaar, I. W. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1995)

Using simulation to select an adaptive testing strategy: An item bank evaluation program - Hsu, T. C.; Tseng, F. L. (1995)

ADTEST: A computer-adaptive tests based on the maximum information principle - Ponsoda, V.; Olea, J.,; Revuelta, J. (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1994)

CAT software system [computer program - Gershon, R. C. (1994)

CAT-GATB simulation studies - Segall, D. O. (1994)

Comparing computerized adaptive and self-adapted tests: The influence of examinee achievement locus of control - Wise, S. L.; Roos, L. L.; Plake, B. S. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)

A Comparison of Item Calibration Media in Computerized Adaptive Testing - Hetter, R. D.; Segall, D. O.; Bloxom, B. M. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1994)

A comparison of item calibration media in computerized adaptive tests - Hetter, R. D.; Segall, D. O.; Bloxom, B. M. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1994)

Computer adaptive testing - Lunz, M. E.; Bergstrom, Betty A.; Gershon, R. C. (International journal of Educational Research, 1994)

Computer adaptive testing: A shift in the evaluation paradigm - Carlson, R. (Educational Technology Systems, 1994)

Computer adaptive testing: Assessment of the future - Diones, R.; Everson, H. (Curriculum/Technology Quarterly, 1994)

Computerized adaptive testing exploring examinee response time using hierarchical linear modeling - Bergstrom, B.; Gershon, R. C. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1994)
ERIC No. ED 400 286).

Computerized adaptive testing for licensure and certification - Bergstrom, Betty A.; Gershon, R. C. (CLEAR Exam Review, 1994)

Computerized adaptive testing: Revolutionizing academic assessment - Smittle, P. (Community College Journal, 1994)

Computerized mastery testing using fuzzy set decision theory (Research Report 94-37) - Du, Y.; Lewis, C.; Pashley, P. J. (1994)

Computerized Testing (Research Report 94-22). - Oltman, P. K. (1994)

Computerized-adaptive and self-adapted music-listening tests: Features and motivational benefits - Vispoel, W. P.,; Coffman, D. D. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

DIF analysis for pretest items in computer-adaptive testing (Educational Testing Service Research Rep No RR 94-33) - Zwick, R.; Thayer, D. T.; Wingersky, M. (1994)
#ZW94-33

Early psychometric research in the CAT-ASVAB Project - J. R. McBride (Paper presented at the 102nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Los Angeles, 1994)

The effect of restricting ability distributions in the estimation of item difficulties: Implications for a CAT implementation - Ito, K.; Sykes, R.C. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)

The effect of review on the psychometric characteristics of computerized adaptive tests - Lunz, M. E.; Stone, G. E. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

The effect of review on the psychometric characteristics of computerized adaptive tests - Stone, G. E.; Lunz, M. E. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

The effect of review on the psychometric characterstics of computerized adaptive tests - Stone, G. E.; Lunz, M. E. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)
Explored the effect of reviewing items and altering responses on examinee ability estimates, test precision, test information, decision confidence, and pass/fail status for computerized adaptive tests. Two different populations of examinees took different computerized certification examinations. For purposes of analysis, each population was divided into 3 ability groups (high, medium, and low). Ability measures before and after review were highly correlated, but slightly lower decision confidence was found after review. Pass/fail status was most affected for examinees with estimates close to the pass point. Decisions remained the same for 94% of the examinees. Test precision is only slightly affected by review, and the average information loss can be recovered by the addition of one item. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2002 APA, all rights reserved).
Lawrence Erlbaum, US

Effects of computerized adaptive test anxiety on nursing licensure examinations - Arrowwood, V. E. (1994)

The effects of item pool depth on the accuracy of pass/fail decisions for NCLEX using CAT - Haynie, K.A.; Way, W. D. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)

An empirical study of computerized adaptive test administration conditions - Lunz, M. E.; Bergstrom, Betty A. (Journal of Educational Measurement, 1994)

The equivalence of Rasch item calibrations and ability estimates across modes of administration - Bergstrom, Betty A.; Lunz, M. E. (Objective measurement: Theory into practice, 1994)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Establishing the comparability of the NCLEX using CAT with traditional NCLEX examinations - Eignor, D. R.; Way, W. D.; Amoss, K.E. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)

Evaluation and implementation of CAT-ASVAB - Curran, L. T.; Wise, L. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, 1994)

The exploration of an alternative method for scoring computer adaptive tests - Potenza, M. (1994)

A few more issues to consider in multidimensional computerized adaptive testing - Luecht, RM (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1994)

A general approach to algorithmic design of fixed-form tests, adaptive tests, and testlets - Berger, M. P. F. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1994)

A General Approach to Algorithmic Design of Fixed-Form Tests, Adaptive Tests, and Testlets - Berger, M. P. F. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1994)

The historical developments of fit and its assessment in the computerized adaptive testing environment - Stone, G. E. (Midwestern Education Research Association annual meeting, 1994)

The incomplete equivalence of the paper-and-pencil and computerized versions of the General Aptitude Test Battery - Van de Vijver, F. J. R.,; Harsveld, M. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 1994)

Individual differences and test administration procedures: A comparison of fixed-item, computerized adaptive, and self-adapted testing - Vispoel, W. P.; Rocklin, T. R.; Wang, T. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

Item calibration considerations: A comparison of item calibrations on written and computerized adaptive examinations - Stone, G. E.; Lunz, M. E. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 1994)

La simulation de modèle sur ordinateur en tant que méthode de recherche : le cas concret de l’étude de la distribution d’échantillonnage de l’estimateur du niveau d’habileté en testing adaptatif en fonction de deux règles d’arrêt - Raîche, G. (1994)

L'évaluation nationale individualisée et assistée par ordinateur [Large scale assessment: Tailored and computerized] - Raîche, G.; Béland, A. (Québec: Proceeding of the 14th Congress of the Association québécoise de pédagogie collégiale. Montréal: Association québécoise de pédagogie collégiale (AQPC)., 1994)

Monte Carlo simulation comparison of two-stage testing and computerized adaptive testing - Kim, H-O. (Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences, 1994)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Pinpointing PRAXIS I CAT characteristics through simulation procedures - Eignor, D. R.; Folk, V.G.,; Li, M.-Y.; Stocking, M. L. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)

The psychological impacts of computerized adaptive testing methods - Powell, Z. E. (Educational Technology, 1994)

The relationship between examinee anxiety and preference for self-adapted testing - Wise, S. L.; Roos, L. L.; Plake, B. S.,; Nebelsick-Gullett, L. J. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

Reliability of alternate computer adaptive tests - Lunz, M. E.; Bergstrom, Betty A.; Wright, B. D. (Objective measurement, theory into practice, 1994)

The selection of test items for decision making with a computer adaptive test - Reckase, M. D.; Spray, J. A. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)

The selection of test items for decision making with a computer adaptive test - Spray, J. A.; Reckase, M. D. (Paper presented at the national meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, 1994)
#SP94-01

Self-adapted testing - Rocklin, T. R. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

A simple and fast item selection procedure for adaptive testing - Veerkamp, W. J. J. (1994)

A Simulation Study of Methods for Assessing Differential Item Functioning in Computerized Adaptive Tests - Zwick, R.; Thayer, D. T.; Wingersky, M. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1994)

A simulation study of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure for detecting DIF with the NCLEX using CAT (Technical Report xx-xx) - Way, W. D. (1994)

Some new item selection criteria for adaptive testing (Research Rep 94-6) - Veerkamp, W. J.; Berger, M. P. F. (1994)

Three practical issues for modern adaptive testing item pools (Research Report 94-5), - Stocking, M. L. (1994)

Understanding self-adapted testing: The perceived control hypothesis - Wise, S. L. (Applied Measurement in Education, 1994)

Utilisation de la simulation en tant que méthodologie de recherche [Simulation methodology in research] - Raîche, G. (1994)

The application of an automated item selection method to real data - Stocking, M. L.; Swanson, L.; Pearlman, M. (Applied Psychological Measurement, 1993)

An application of Computerized Adaptive Testing to the Test of English as a Foreign Language - Moon, O. (Dissertation Abstracts International, 1993)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Assessing the utility of item response models: computerized adaptive testing - Kingsbury, G. G.; Houser, R.L. (Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1993)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Case studies in computer adaptive test design through simulation (Research Report RR-93-56) - Eignor, D. R.; Stocking, M. L.; Way, W. D.; Steffen, M. (1993)
#EI93-56 (also presented at the 1993 National Council on Measurement in Education meeting in Atlanta GA)

Case studies in computerized adaptive test design through simulation (Research Report 93-56) - Eignor, D. R.; Way, W. D.; Stocking, M.; Steffen, M. (1993)

Comparability and validity of computerized adaptive testing with the MMPI-2 - Roper, B. L. (Dissertation Abstracts International, 1993)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

A comparison of computer adaptive test administration methods - Dolan, S. (1993)

Comparison of SPRT and sequential Bayes procedures for classifying examinees into two categories using an adaptive test - Spray, J. A.; Reckase, M. D. (Unpublished manuscript. (, 1993)

Computer adaptive testing: A comparison of four item selection strategies when used with the golden section search strategy for estimating ability - Carlson, R. D. (Dissertation Abstracts International, 1993)
Keywords: computerized adaptive testing

Computer adaptive testing: A new era - Smittle, P. (Journal of Developmental Education, 1993)

Computerized adaptive and fixed-item versions of the ITED Vocabulary test - Vispoel, W. P. (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1993)