@article {202,
	title = {Assisted self-adapted testing: A comparative study},
	journal = {European Journal of Psychological Assessment},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {2-9},
	abstract = {A new type of self-adapted test (S-AT), called Assisted Self-Adapted Test (AS-AT), is presented. It differs from an ordinary S-AT in that prior to selecting the difficulty category, the computer advises examinees on their best difficulty category choice, based on their previous performance. Three tests (computerized adaptive test, AS-AT, and S-AT) were compared regarding both their psychometric (precision and efficiency) and psychological (anxiety) characteristics. Tests were applied in an actual assessment situation, in which test scores determined 20\% of term grades. A sample of 173 high school students participated. Neither differences in posttest anxiety nor ability were obtained. Concerning precision, AS-AT was as precise as CAT, and both revealed more precision than S-AT. It was concluded that AS-AT acted as a CAT concerning precision. Some hints, but not conclusive support, of the psychological similarity between AS-AT and S-AT was also found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA ) (journal abstract)},
	keywords = {Adaptive Testing, Anxiety, Computer Assisted Testing, Psychometrics, Test},
	author = {Hontangas, P. and Olea, J. and Ponsoda, V. and Revuelta, J. and Wise, S. L.}
}
@article {349,
	title = {Computerized adaptive rating scales for measuring managerial performance},
	journal = {International Journal of Selection and Assessment},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {237-246},
	abstract = {Computerized adaptive rating scales (CARS) had been developed to measure contextual or citizenship performance. This rating format used a paired-comparison protocol, presenting pairs of behavioral statements scaled according to effectiveness levels, and an iterative item response theory algorithm to obtain estimates of ratees{\textquoteright} citizenship performance (W. C. Borman et al, 2001). In the present research, we developed CARS to measure the entire managerial performance domain, including task and citizenship performance, thus addressing a major limitation of the earlier CARS. The paper describes this development effort, including an adjustment to the algorithm that reduces substantially the number of item pairs required to obtain almost as much precision in the performance estimates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Adaptive Testing, Algorithms, Associations, Citizenship, Computer Assisted Testing, Construction, Contextual, Item Response Theory, Job Performance, Management, Management Personnel, Rating Scales, Test},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and Goff, M. and Anderson, S. and Borman, W. C.}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Hypergeometric family and item overlap rates in computerized adaptive testing},
	journal = {Psychometrika},
	volume = {67},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {387-398},
	abstract = {A computerized adaptive test (CAT) is usually administered to small groups of examinees at frequent time intervals. It is often the case that examinees who take the test earlier share information with examinees who will take the test later, thus increasing the risk that many items may become known. Item overlap rate for a group of examinees refers to the number of overlapping items encountered by these examinees divided by the test length. For a specific item pool, different item selection algorithms may yield different item overlap rates. An important issue in designing a good CAT item selection algorithm is to keep item overlap rate below a preset level. In doing so, it is important to investigate what the lowest rate could be for all possible item selection algorithms. In this paper we rigorously prove that if every item had an equal possibility to be selected from the pool in a fixed-length CAT, the number of overlapping item among any α randomly sampled examinees follows the hypergeometric distribution family for α >= 1. Thus, the expected values of the number of overlapping items among any randomly sampled α examinee can be calculated precisely. These values may serve as benchmarks in controlling item overlap rates for fixed-length adaptive tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Adaptive Testing, Algorithms, Computer Assisted Testing, Taking, Test, Time On Task computerized adaptive testing},
	author = {Chang, Hua-Hua and Zhang, J.}
}
@article {315,
	title = {Differences between self-adapted and computerized adaptive tests: A meta-analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {235-247},
	abstract = {Self-adapted testing has been described as a variation of computerized adaptive testing that reduces test anxiety and thereby enhances test performance. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of these proposed effects of self-adapted tests (SATs); meta-analysis procedures were used to estimate differences between SATs and computerized adaptive tests (CATs) in proficiency estimates and post-test anxiety levels across studies in which these two types of tests have been compared. After controlling for measurement error the results showed that SATs yielded proficiency estimates that were 0.12 standard deviation units higher and post-test anxiety levels that were 0.19 standard deviation units lower than those yielded by CATs. The authors speculate about possible reasons for these differences and discuss advantages and disadvantages of using SATs in operational settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Adaptive Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Scores computerized adaptive testing, Test, Test Anxiety},
	author = {Pitkin, A. K. and Vispoel, W. P.}
}
@article {41,
	title = {An examination of the reliability and validity of performance ratings made using computerized adaptive rating scales},
	journal = {Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering},
	volume = {61},
	number = {1-B},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {570},
	abstract = {This study compared the psychometric properties of performance ratings made using recently-developed computerized adaptive rating scales (CARS) to the psyc hometric properties of ratings made using more traditional paper-and-pencil rati ng formats, i.e., behaviorally-anchored and graphic rating scales. Specifically, the reliability, validity and accuracy of the performance ratings from each for mat were examined. One hundred twelve participants viewed six 5-minute videotape s of office situations and rated the performance of a target person in each vide otape on three contextual performance dimensions-Personal Support, Organizationa l Support, and Conscientious Initiative-using CARS and either behaviorally-ancho red or graphic rating scales. Performance rating properties were measured using Shrout and Fleiss{\textquoteright}s intraclass correlation (2, 1), Borman{\textquoteright}s differential accurac y measure, and Cronbach{\textquoteright}s accuracy components as indexes of rating reliability, validity, and accuracy, respectively. Results found that performance ratings mad e using the CARS were significantly more reliable and valid than performance rat ings made using either of the other formats. Additionally, CARS yielded more acc urate performance ratings than the paper-and-pencil formats. The nature of the C ARS system (i.e., its adaptive nature and scaling methodology) and its paired co mparison judgment task are offered as possible reasons for the differences found in the psychometric properties of the performance ratings made using the variou s rating formats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Adaptive Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Performance Tests, Rating Scales, Reliability, Test, Test Validity},
	author = {Buck, D. E.}
}
