@article {39,
	title = {Outlier measures and norming methods for computerized adaptive tests},
	journal = {Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {85-104},
	abstract = {Notes that the problem of identifying outliers has 2 important aspects: the choice of outlier measures and the method to assess the degree of outlyingness (norming) of those measures. Several classes of measures for identifying outliers in Computerized Adaptive Tests (CATs) are introduced. Some of these measures are constructed to take advantage of CATs{\textquoteright} sequential choice of items; other measures are taken directly from paper and pencil (P\&P) tests and are used for baseline comparisons. Assessing the degree of outlyingness of CAT responses, however, can not be applied directly from P\&P tests because stopping rules associated with CATs yield examinee responses of varying lengths. Standard outlier measures are highly correlated with the varying lengths which makes comparison across examinees impossible. Therefore, 4 methods are presented and compared which map outlier statistics to a familiar probability scale (a p value). The methods are explored in the context of CAT data from a 1995 Nationally Administered Computerized Examination (NACE). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Adaptive Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Statistical Analysis, Test Norms},
	author = {Bradlow, E. T. and Weiss, R. E.}
}
@booklet {1560,
	title = {User{\textquoteright}s guide for SCORIGHT (version 1): A computer program for scoring tests built of testlets (Research Report 01-06)},
	year = {2001},
	note = {$\#$WA01-06 {PDF file, 2.349 MB}},
	address = {Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.},
	author = {Wang, X and Bradlow, E. T. and Wainer, H.,}
}
@booklet {1558,
	title = {Users guide for SCORIGHT (version 2) : A computer program for scoring tests built of testlets (Research Report 01-06)},
	year = {2001},
	address = {Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.},
	author = {Wang, X and Bradlow, E. T. and Wainer, H.,}
}
@inbook {158,
	title = {MML and EAP estimation in testlet-based adaptive testing},
	booktitle = {Computerized adaptive testing: Theory and practice},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {271-287},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
	author = {Glas, C. A. W. and Wainer, H., and Bradlow, E. T.}
}
@inbook {1936,
	title = {Testlet response theory: An analog for the 3PL model useful in testlet-based adaptive testing},
	year = {2000},
	address = {W. J. van der Linden and C. A. W. Glas (Eds.), Computerized Adaptive Testing: Theory and Practice (pp. 245-270). Norwell MA: Kluwer.},
	author = {Wainer, H., and Bradlow, E. T. and Du, Z.}
}
@article {488,
	title = {A Bayesian random effects model for testlets },
	journal = {Psychometrika},
	volume = { 64},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {153-168},
	author = {Bradlow, E. T. and Wainer, H., and Wang, X}
}
@article {40,
	title = {Bayesian identification of outliers in computerized adaptive testing},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	volume = {93},
	number = {443},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {910-919},
	abstract = {We consider the problem of identifying examinees with aberrant response patterns in a computerized adaptive test (CAT). The vec-tor of responses yi of person i from the CAT comprise a multivariate response vector. Multivariate observations may be outlying in manydi erent directions and we characterize speci c directions as corre- sponding to outliers with different interpretations. We develop a class of outlier statistics to identify different types of outliers based on a con-trol chart type methodology. The outlier methodology is adaptable to general longitudinal discrete data structures. We consider several procedures to judge how extreme a particular outlier is. Data from the National Council Licensure EXamination (NCLEX) motivates our development and is used to illustrate the results.},
	author = {Bradlow, E. T. and Weiss, R. E. and Cho, M.}
}
@booklet {1559,
	title = {A general Bayesian model for testlets: theory and applications (Research Report 92-21; GRE Board Professional Report No 99-01P)},
	year = {1992},
	address = {Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.},
	author = {Wang, X and Bradlow, E. T. and Wainer, H.,}
}
