@article {247,
	title = {Comparing methods of assessing differential item functioning in a computerized adaptive testing environment},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {245-264},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing: United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST, which have known difficulty in detecting non-unidirectional differential item functioning (DIF), have been adapted with some success for computerized adaptive testing (CAT). This study adapts logistic regression (LR) and the item-response-theory-likelihood-ratio test (IRT-LRT), capable of detecting both unidirectional and non-unidirectional DIF, to the CAT environment in which pretest items are assumed to be seeded in CATs but not used for trait estimation. The proposed adaptation methods were evaluated with simulated data under different sample size ratios and impact conditions in terms of Type I error, power, and specificity in identifying the form of DIF. The adapted LR and IRT-LRT procedures are more powerful than the CAT version of SIBTEST for non-unidirectional DIF detection. The good Type I error control provided by IRT-LRT under extremely unequal sample sizes and large impact is encouraging. Implications of these and other findings are discussed. all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {computerized adaptive testing, educational testing, item response theory likelihood ratio test, logistic regression, trait estimation, unidirectional \& non-unidirectional differential item functioning},
	isbn = {0022-0655 (Print)},
	author = {Lei, P-W. and Chen, S-Y. and Yu, L.}
}
@article {69,
	title = {Effects of practical constraints on item selection rules at the early stages of computerized adaptive testing},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {41},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {149-174},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing: United Kingdom},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of four item selection rules--(1) Fisher information (F), (2) Fisher information with a posterior distribution (FP), (3) Kullback-Leibler information with a posterior distribution (KP), and (4) completely randomized item selection (RN)--with respect to the precision of trait estimation and the extent of item usage at the early stages of computerized adaptive testing. The comparison of the four item selection rules was carried out under three conditions: (1) using only the item information function as the item selection criterion; (2) using both the item information function and content balancing; and (3) using the item information function, content balancing, and item exposure control. When test length was less than 10 items, FP and KP tended to outperform F at extreme trait levels in Condition 1. However, in more realistic settings, it could not be concluded that FP and KP outperformed F, especially when item exposure control was imposed. When test length was greater than 10 items, the three nonrandom item selection procedures performed similarly no matter what the condition was, while F had slightly higher item usage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {computerized adaptive testing, item selection rules, practical constraints},
	isbn = {0022-0655 (Print)},
	author = {Chen, S-Y. and Ankenmann, R. D.}
}
