@article {253,
	title = {Increasing the homogeneity of CAT{\textquoteright}s item-exposure rates by minimizing or maximizing varied target functions while assembling shadow tests},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {245-269},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing: United Kingdom},
	abstract = {A computerized adaptive testing (CAT) algorithm that has the potential to increase the homogeneity of CATs item-exposure rates without significantly sacrificing the precision of ability estimates was proposed and assessed in the shadow-test (van der Linden \& Reese, 1998) CAT context. This CAT algorithm was formed by a combination of maximizing or minimizing varied target functions while assembling shadow tests. There were four target functions to be separately used in the first, second, third, and fourth quarter test of CAT. The elements to be used in the four functions were associated with (a) a random number assigned to each item, (b) the absolute difference between an examinee{\textquoteright}s current ability estimate and an item difficulty, (c) the absolute difference between an examinee{\textquoteright}s current ability estimate and an optimum item difficulty, and (d) item information. The results indicated that this combined CAT fully utilized all the items in the pool, reduced the maximum exposure rates, and achieved more homogeneous exposure rates. Moreover, its precision in recovering ability estimates was similar to that of the maximum item-information method. The combined CAT method resulted in the best overall results compared with the other individual CAT item-selection methods. The findings from the combined CAT are encouraging. Future uses are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {algorithm, computerized adaptive testing, item exposure rate, shadow test, varied target function},
	isbn = {0022-0655 (Print)},
	author = {Li, Y. H. and Schafer, W. D.}
}
@conference {1014,
	title = {The context effects of multidimensional CAT on the accuracy of multidimensional abilities and the item exposure rates},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association},
	year = {2004},
	note = {{Incomplete PDF file, 202 KB}},
	address = {San Diego CA},
	author = {Li, Y. H. and Schafer, W. D.}
}
@conference {1010,
	title = {Accuracy of reading and mathematics ability estimates under the shadow-test constraint MCAT},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association},
	year = {2003},
	address = {Chicago IL},
	author = {Li, Y. H. and Schafer, W. D.}
}
@conference {1012,
	title = {The effect of item selection method on the variability of CAT{\textquoteright}s ability estimates when item parameters are contaminated with measurement errors},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education},
	year = {2003},
	note = {{PDF file, 275 KB}},
	address = {Chicago IL},
	author = {Li, Y. H. and Schafer, W. D.}
}
@conference {1013,
	title = {Increasing the homogeneity of CAT{\textquoteright}s item-exposure rates by minimizing or maximizing varied target functions while assembling shadow tests},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association},
	year = {2003},
	note = {(PDF file, 418 K},
	address = {Chicago IL},
	author = {Li, Y. H. and Schafer, W. D.}
}
@conference {1011,
	title = {Multidimensional computerized adaptive testing in recovering reading and mathematics abilities},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association},
	year = {2003},
	note = {{PDF file, 592 KB}},
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	author = {Li, Y. H. and Schafer, W. D.}
}
